Americas Society Recognizes President Juan Manuel Santos with Gold Insigne
Americas Society Recognizes President Juan Manuel Santos with Gold Insigne
During remarks, the president outlined Colombia’s economic and foreign policy accomplishments, as well as new efforts to forge peace in the country. Access the video and transcript.
Gold Insigne Award Dinner: President of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos
Location: New York City, New York
Date: September 26, 2012
Well, thank you, John. Thank you, Susan. And hello to all of you. Let me start by saying how grateful I am, delighted, and how honored I feel receiving this recognition. Who would have thought in 1995, when I joined the Council of the Americas, the board of international advisers, that I would be back here in 2012 receiving this medal? I really feel very happy. And thank you very much for this award—not in my name; in the name of my team, my government, and 46 million Colombians.
Let me say a few words about what’s happening in Colombia and in the region. Two years ago, when I came to speak at the Council, taking advantage that you were here with the U.N. General Assembly, I told the members of the Council and the guests at that time that I wanted a government that I hope would be recorded in history as a government that was reformist, progressive, and decent. And I summed up our plans in the National Planning Department and the national plan that we approved in Congress with three words: more security, more employment, and less poverty. Two years later—a year later I told you how we were still planning much of what we were doing. And now when we start the second half of the government, I think we can show some concrete results.
Why do I say that I wanted a reformist government? Because Colombia needed important reforms. And in order to achieve that, the first thing we sought was the ability to make the reforms. And that is made through what is called governability, the ability to govern. And that’s why, inspired by Abraham Lincoln, I called into government my rivals. Many of the candidates that ran against me—I told them to join the government. And we were able to put in place a coalition that—and I’m a bit embarrassed to say—only has 92 percent of Congress. And with that government of national unity, we have been able to approve 84 pieces of legislation, 84 reforms—laws. Five of them have been constitutional reforms. This has no precedent in our history.
And not only by the quantity, but also the quality of the reforms. We put in place reforms that, for example, redistributed the royalties to have a much more progressive effect geared and focused more towards the poorest people of our country. We made reforms on the justice system, to strengthen the justice system and to strengthen the rule of law and the protection of human rights. We passed a piece of legislation that has been signaled as a very audacious piece of legislation where we started repairing victims and restituting law—the land to the peasants that were displaced by the violence in—still in the middle of the conflict. And this law attracted so much attention that secretary-general of the United Nations went to the signature of this law when it came into being.
We passed a constitutional reform and then a law called the fiscal rule. The constitutional reform is a reform that puts in our constitution the obligation for each power—the judiciary, the legislative power and the executive power—they have to take into account the fiscal repercussion of each decision. That is something which the whole world has said is needed in today’s world, when as William Rhodes knows very well, the fiscal irresponsibility of certain countries have the world economy in turmoil.
And this was done with a very interesting discussion with the constitutional reform—constitutional court about what is important in a constitution and the defense of the fundamental rights. To simply shorten the explanation, I told the court: Without an economy that is sustainable, it is very difficult to guarantee the rights of the people. If you don’t have—if you have a crisis like you’re having in many of the European countries, you cannot guarantee education, health, justice, security. So having a fiscal sustainability, having a responsible economy must be also considered in the constitution as a fundamental right. And this was very long discussion. We finally had it approved in the court, also in Congress. And that has helped us tremendously because, as I will say a bit later, the economy is doing quite well.
We have—I don’t want to continue with the reforms, but we passed the toughest anti-corruption code that probably no country, at least in the region has approved. We have been eliminating unnecessary procedures, paperwork. We did a competition, and by law, we started sort of erasing from our statutes and our legislation many of the unnecessary burdens for businessmen and for the citizens.
I say that we have been also very progressive, and I am proud to say that, because the social conditions of my country and the region as a whole, they still have much to be—to be done in order to be happy with the indicators, and that’s why we, this year, for the first of January this year, made public education completely free for all children in Colombia from kindergarten to eleventh grade. This is helping 8.6 million kids in Colombia.
We have increased the coverage of the health system by 2.3 million, and we have 96 percent coverage right now. This is a tremendous achievement in terms of the social conditions of Colombians. And as John was saying, we created more than 2 million jobs, we lifted out of poverty 1.2 million, and we think this year it will be a higher number. And we have focused on extreme poverty. We brought out—almost 700,000 Colombians out of extreme poverty, and we put in place a special program that has been called state-of-the-art in the world against extreme poverty, which has 45 different indicators. And family by family, we are helping them come out of poverty.
We are also—have already started to repair the victims. We have repaired more than 60,000 victims of the conflict.
The economy is doing quite well. We are growing—the last quarter was 4.9 percent. Last year we grew 5 percent. Inflation is at the lowest in recent history. And we are doing a tremendous effort in upgrading our infrastructure. We just launched a program to invest more than 40 billion pesos—billion—our billions—which is quite bigger than the American billions. This—to give you a magnitude of the change, we used to invest 3 billion pesos on average, and it’s come—it’s going up to 40, and this is a tremendous opportunity for many investors and for Colombia.
The and all this effort and the social investment has been done taking very much into account our fiscal situation, and this year, for first time in many decades, we’re going to have—we’re going to reach what we call fiscal equilibrium. So we’re not going to have a fiscal deficit. So we have increased investment; at the same time, reduce our deficit, and we have reduced our debt more than 10 percent—as percentage of GDP, our debt has gone down. This, of course—and many of you are in the financial world will—has been reflected in our spreads. We made a bond issue last week, almost $500 million that—no, I’m sorry, 1 billion pesos. The interest rate was 4.5 percent, and it was 4.5 percent and the bond issue was made in pesos, not in dollars. This is something that we never thought could be possible but is now a reality.
Commercially, we’ve been promoting free trade with many countries, as John mentioned. We finally—and thanks—I thank very much to the work of the Council, we had the free-trade agreement approved in the American Congress. Now it’s working, and it’s working very well.
And we have been also negotiating free-trade agreements with other parts of the world. Next month, probably the European Union in the—in its parliament, it’s going to approve the Colombian free-trade agreement. We closed the negotiations with Korea. Yesterday we met with the—I met with the prime minister of Japan, and we announced the launching of the negotiations for a free-trade agreement with Japan. I went to a state visit to China. They are very interested; they have already become our second trading partner and they’re very interested in investing and having a better relation with Colombia. So we are diversifying and strengthening our commercial relations. Exports have gone up tremendously. Investment—also, we are going to finish this year with a 30 percent investment of our GDP. That is the highest of any country in Latin America, and that’s what—is going to guarantee that the growth will be maintained in the future. We have—through the anti-corruption and efficiency efforts, our tax revenues have gone up, in two years, 62 percent. And this is what has allowed us to have this space to invest more, and at the same time, have a good fiscal situation.
We have also tried to change and have a more positive effect in our foreign relations. The first thing, as many of you know, that I did was make friends again with our neighbors. We normalized a situation that was a bit absurd at that time. We had no trade, no diplomatic relations, and we were even thinking about war, and that was a bit awkward and absurd, and so I said, let’s—even though we have very profound differences, let’s get together and work things out, and for the benefit of Venezuelans, Colombians, or the Ecuadorians and Colombians. And things have been working out very well. This has had a very positive effect in the whole region, and for example, we—Venezuela and Colombia made a concrete effort to fix the crisis in Honduras, and Honduras became, again, a member of the OAS thanks to this joint effort.
So it has been a win-win situation. We have promoted, also, regional integration not as an alternative to the OAS, but as a complement, and we’ve been very clear on that. UNASUR—we were the first secretary generals of UNASUR. The Caribbean community also—we are chairing the Caribbean community, and we promoted with Mexico, Brazil – sorry, Mexico, Chile, and Peru the Alliance for the Pacific, which is probably the most important integration effort done in the history of Latin America. And it’s now working. We have already signed the treaty, and it’s a reality.
We have also tried to be very proactive in the discussions such as the environment. Colombia was very proactive in the Rio+20. As a matter of fact, the result of Rio+20, the sustainable development goals, was initiative that we presented, and we are very proud to be very active in that very important discussion.
And in security, we have also made tremendous progress. We have the lowest homicide rates in the last 35 years; we have the lowest kidnap rates in the last 40 years. Almost all the indicators of different crimes are down, and as John also mentioned, we have taken out the number one of the FARC, the number two of the FARC, 18 of their front commanders and an unprecedented number of the members of the FARC have been captured, have demobilized or have been killed. And so the security situation, it continues to improve with problems, of course, but continues to improve, and the conditions were fertile to take a very, very important decision, and that is, start negotiations for a peace process after 50 years of war with the FARC, and that—as was mentioned here, we are starting next month.
I am optimistic—cautiously optimistic. I think the conditions are there. The right moment to take that step, I think, is right now, for them and for us. And if we are successful, imagine what Colombia would look like. If we have all these good achievements with a conflict—and a conflict that has cost us many lives, a lot of blood, a lot of violence, a lot of suffering—we can achieve peace. This is the only internal conflict and the oldest—the oldest in the world and the only in the hemisphere. If we can do away with that, not only Colombia, but the whole region will benefit largely. So I hope and I am determined to take this to the end, and a successful end, and with the help of God and the support of the international community, which we have received in a tremendous way, I hope that next year, when I come back to the Council, I can say there is peace in Colombia. Thank you.