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Ars Longa de La Habana: Gulumbá Gulumbé
The Cuban early music group returns with a program of Latin American baroque music that explores resonances of Africa in the Americas.
Overview
On March 15, we will host this concert in person, and tickets are free. Please register here to reserve your seat.
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Ars Longa returns to New York for this collaboration between Music of the Americas, GEMS, and 5 Boroughs Music Festival borough with a concert that draws on their 2013 CD “Gulumbá Gulumbé. Resonancias de África en el Nuevo Mundo,” which highlights the African presence in baroque music from the New World. The program, based on research by Guatemalan musicologist Omar Morales Abril, includes several villancicos negros, musical pieces and poems intended primarily for Christmas.
Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla: Tambalagumba
Program
1
- Como tienen los morenos** - José de Rocca (? – Cádiz, 1750)
-Villancico negro de Navidad a 5, Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitano de México - Hagámole plaça a lo Reye Mago - Luis Gargallo (Huesca, 1661)
- Poem - Ah, siolos molenos* - Gabriel García de Mendoza (floruit 1705 - 1738)
-Negro de Navidad a 4, Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de Guatemala - Al ver la gente de Angola* -Anonymous (ca. 1725)
-Negro de Navidad a 5, Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitana de México - Cumbees - Santiago de Murcia (Madrid?, ca.1682 – Mexico?, ca.1740)
-Códice Saldívar No. 4, (ca. 1730) - Dame albricia - Gaspar Fernández (Guatemala, floruit 1596 – Puebla, 1629)
-Negrito a 4. Cancionero Musical de Gaspar Fernández, Archivo Histórico de la Arquidiócesis de Antequera-Oaxaca - Zarambeques o Muecas - Santiago de Murcia
-Códice Saldívar No.4 (ca. 1730) - Azi, Flaziquiya - Alfonso de Blas y Sandoval (Granada, 1701)
- Villancico (poem) - Antoniya, Flaciquiya, Gacipá* - Fray Felipe de la Madre de Dios (Lisbon?, ca.1626 – Seville?, ca.1687)
-Negro de Navidad a 5, Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de Guatemala - Tumba, tumba, la la la - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (San Miguel Neplantla, 1651 – Mexico, 1695)
-Villancico porto-rico (poem) - Pue tambén somo gente* - Tomás Salgado (Oaxaca, 1698 - 1751)
-Negro de Navidad a 4, Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de Guatemala - Se cuchamo, magri Antona* - Gaspar Fernández
-a 4, Monjas, Cancionero Musical de Gaspar Fernández, Archivo Histórico de la Arquidiócesis de Antequera-Oaxaca - Andrés, do queda el ganado - Gaspar Fernández
-a 6 en guineo. Cancionero Musical de Gaspar Fernández, Archivo Histórico de la Arquidiócesis de Antequera-Oaxaca- - Sarabanda - Gaspar Sanz (Calanda, 1640 - Madrid, 1710)
-Instrucción de Música, Zaragoza 1674 - Ah, negrito de cucurumbé - Gaspar Fernández
-en negro y vizcaíno a 5, Cancionero Musical de Gaspar Fernández, Archivo Histórico de la Arquidiócesis de Antequera-Oaxaca
Tanscriptions: *Omar Morales **Bárbara Pérez Ruíz
Musicians:
- Teresa Paz – soprano and director
- Adriana Ruiz – mezzo soprano
- Andrea Trueba – alto
- Ariel Hernández Roque – tenor
- Yunie Gainza – baritone
- Daniel Bernaza Douglas – recorder
- Oscar Cañizares – sackbut
- Abrahan Castillo – bassoon
- Beatriz López Paz – violin and viola da gamba
- Arianna Ochoa Mesa – violin and viola da gamba
- Aland López – guitar
- David Pérez – keyboard
This concert is part of GEMAS, a project of Americas Society and Gotham Early Music Scene devoted to early music of the Americas co-curated by Nell Snaidas and Sebastian Zubieta, and is a co-presentation with Five Boroughs Music Festival.
Program Notes
Program Notes
Cuban early music group Conjunto de Música Antigua Ars Longa de La Habana returns to New York with a program that draws on their 2013 CD “Gulumbá gulumbé. Resonancias de África en el Nuevo Mundo,” which highlights the African presence in Baroque music from the New World. The program, based on research by Guatemalan musicologist Omar Morales Abril, includes several villancicos negros, musical pieces intended primarily for Christmas, as well as poetry, recited by members of the ensemble.
Founded in Havana in 1994 by Teresa Paz and Aland López, Conjunto de Música Antigua Ars Longa de La Habana is the preeminent Cuban early music group, and one of the leading ensembles dedicated to the repertoire in Latin America. Latin American and Cuban colonial music is the focus of their repertoire. They have toured extensively in Europe performing in festivals in Spain, Italy, France, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, and Sweden in venues including the Wiener Konzerthaus in Vienna and the Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam. In Latin America they have performed in Ecuador, Mexico, and Colombia, among others. In addition to promoting the interpretation of early music in Cuba, Ars Longa hosts the annual international Esteban Salas Early Music Festival in Havana, which brings musicians and ensembles from around the world for concerts and masterclasses. The ensemble has released twelve CDs that have won recognition and prizes in Europe from Diapason, Le Monde de la Musique, Télérama, and Classica. Their latest project was a staged production of Henry Purcell’s The Indian Queen at the prestigious Musikfestspiele Potsdam in June 2022.
Teresa Paz, Ars Longa's co-founder and director, holds a master’s degree in Spanish music from the University of Valladolid in Spain She is also the founder and director of the annual Esteban Salas Early Music Festival, which brings early music players from around the world. She founded the Orchestra of the Escuela Nacional de Música in Havana. She has attended workshops in early music singing and interpretation with such international specialists as Josep Cabré, Evelyn Tubb, and Claudio Abbado.
Texts and Translations
Como tienen los morenos (“Since Black folk own”)** // Mateo Tolis de la Rocca (ca. 1710 - 1781)
-Villancico negro de Navidad a 5, Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitano de México
Introducción |
Introduction |
Como tienen los morenos |
Since the Black folk own |
gigante y giganta negra, |
Male and female puppets (procession giants), |
los han pedido esta noche, |
They have asked for them tonight, |
para hacer su negra fiesta. |
To throw their great party. |
Como es de David el hijo |
Since he is David’s child |
gigantes al Niño llevan, |
The giants carry the Child, |
que si el Padre venció a uno |
So that, if the Father vanquished one, |
el Niño a otros muchos venza. |
The Child may vanquish many others. |
Estribillo |
Chorus |
—Entle, ah, siolo giganto, |
Come in, Mr. giant |
entle la giganta beya, |
Come in, beautiful giant |
venga, siola, la gitana, |
Come, gypsy lady, |
repicando castañeta. |
Playing the castanets |
—Entle. —Entle que entle. |
– Come in – Come in. |
—Venga. —Venga que venga. |
– Come – Come, come. |
—Danza. —Danza que danza. |
– Dance – Dance, dance. |
—Vuelta. —Vuelta que vuelta. |
– Turn – Turn, turn. |
—Venga salao, glavetona, |
Come in gracefully, |
con la cotiya beyena, |
With stuffed petticoats, |
toca guitarra y sonaja, |
Play the guitar and the sistrum |
pa li tocay la rabela. |
To play the rabel. |
—Entle… |
– Come in… |
—¿Van entrando lo giganto? |
– Are the giants coming in? |
—Sí, siolo, turo entla. |
– Yes, sir, everyone is coming. |
—Pues bese lo pe al Niño Jesú. |
– Let them kiss Baby Jesus’ feet. |
—Cu, cusumbú, cusumbú. |
– Cu, cusumbú, cusumbú. |
—¿No entla lo cascabele? |
– Are the sleighbells coming? |
—Sí, siolo, turo entla. |
– Yes, sir, everyone is coming. |
—Ay, andar, ay, andar, |
– Let’s move, let’s move, |
que está el Niño en el portal. |
That the Child is at the gate. |
Ay, cosa más resonara, |
Oh, what a resounding affair |
branco es una salvajera, |
The whites make a ruckus, |
qué fiesa hace lo branco, |
What a party the whites throw! |
la bajona, la culneta, |
The bassoon, the cornet, |
ólgana, chilimingola, |
Organs, shawms, |
alapa, violona y seisa, |
Harp, violin, and singers, |
alto, contralto, tenole, |
Alto, contralto, tenor, |
villancica de maestla, |
Masterly villancicos, |
músico con gargantía, |
Musicians with warranty, |
olganista con pulsela, |
Bracelet-wearing organist, |
sochantle voza goldale, |
Sochantres with golden voice |
tipre que echia en garguera. |
Gargling sopranos. |
Ea, venga lo salao, |
Oh, come the graceful, |
que turo esamo en espela, |
For whom we are all waiting, |
Ay, que el Sol arde |
Oh, the Sun burns |
y de amor es un Etna, |
And is an Etna of love, |
ay, que es un fuego |
Oh, it is a fire |
y las pajas no quema. |
And it doesn’t burn the straw. |
—Entle… |
-Come in… |
Coplas |
Verses |
1. —A lo Chiquito gracioso |
1. –To the gracious Baby |
cantamo y bailamo alegle, |
We sing and dance happily, |
tocando lo salambeque, |
Playing the salambeque |
galallalda y palaleta, |
The galliard and the palaleta, |
que no lo sabe lo branco, |
Pieces the whites do not know |
aunque son muy buena pieza. |
Even though they are very good. |
—Entle… |
– Come in… |
2. —De Angola tlaemo pasa, |
2. –From Angola we bring raisins, |
de lejia pelo flesca, |
In lye, but still fresh, |
polque no se nos olvile |
So that we may not forget |
la tlaemo de cabeza. |
That we bring it on our heads. |
Samo gente de impoltancia, |
We are important people, |
pulque silve de birreta. |
Because it serves as a beret. |
—Entle… |
– Come in… |
3. —La pastola tlae gayna |
3. –The shepherds bring chickens |
la mijole son negla, |
The best ones are black, |
Rey Milchó le trae regalo, |
King Melchior brings him presents, |
que viene allé de la orienta, |
That come from the Orient, |
y nosotro requesone |
And we bring ricotta |
en diente, colmillo y muela. |
In teeth, fangs, and molars. |
—Entle… |
– Come in… |
4. —Tlae azavache en carrio, |
4. –Bring charcoal on a cart |
que a lo neglo giga sea, |
Let this be a black jig, |
pulque mano de tejona |
Handfuls of gold |
pastoles traen de su tienda. |
The shepherds bring from their stores. |
Válgate, Dioso Chiquito, |
Bless you, Little God, |
hijo de Madle Molena, |
Son of a Dark Mother. |
“Hagámole plaça a lo Reye Mago” (Poem) // Luis Gargallo (Huesca, 1661)
Hagámole plaça a lo Reye Mago, |
Make room for the Three Kings, |
turo lo neglo, e turo lo branco, |
All the Black folk, and all the whites, |
que venimo en cameya, |
That they come on camelback, |
y buscámole por estrella, |
And we searched with help of a star, |
con oro, con cienso, con mirra divina. |
With gold, with incense, with divine myrrh. |
|
|
Diosu chiquitu, |
Little God, |
Diosu que nace bonitu, |
God that is born beautiful, |
en paxia, e pesebricu, |
On straw, in a manger, |
como hijo de gaína. |
Like the son of a chicken. |
|
|
Traémole a lo chiquitu |
We bring the young lad |
una danza de neglitu, |
A Black people’s dance, |
y uno mono de Tulu. |
And a monkey from Tulu. |
Con esso y el gu, gu, gu, |
With that, and the gu, gu, gu, |
y el gua, gua, gua, |
And the gua, gua, gua, |
y el gue, gue, gue, |
And the gue, gue, gue, |
festejámole a su melcé, |
We celebrate his mercy, |
como a uno Niño Sesú. |
As the Child Jesus. |
Coplas |
Verses |
—Plimo, ¿qué yevan lo Reye en done? |
– Cousin, what are the Kings carrying, and where? |
—Yevan cienso, chaculate, |
– They carry incense, chocolate, |
oro, mirra, piñonate, |
Gold, myrrh, pine nuts, |
de calicante turrone, |
Turrón from Alicante, |
caixiña de canelone, |
Boxes of cannoli, |
grana branca e cururara, |
White and red dyes |
panara ingresa, cuchara, |
English bread, spoons, |
e para hazer almendrara |
And, to make almond paste, |
guego más bronco que tú. |
A base stronger than yours |
Con esso y el gugugú… |
With that… |
|
|
—Plimo, ¿qué yevan al tielno Infante? |
– Cousin, what do they bring the tender infant? |
—Yevalémole piñona, |
– We bring pine nuts, |
nuesa y almendra monsara, |
Nuts and almonds, |
aceituna y alcapara, |
Olives and capers, |
camueza y melacotona, |
Apples and peaches, |
yevámole valona, |
We bring him nuts, |
y a Susepe le dalé |
And I will give Joseph |
samarra de consejela, |
An adviser’s robe |
si se la quiele poné. |
If he wants to put it on. |
Con esso y el gugugú… |
With that… |
|
|
—Plimo, ¿qué yevan a la parira? |
– Cousin, what do you bring the mother? |
—A la Siola Malía |
– To our Lady Mary |
yevamo con aleglía |
We bring joyfully |
bayalde para la cara, |
Cream for her face, |
manto de gloria con punta, |
A glorious cloak of lace, |
moño e tanta cosa junta, |
Bows, and so many other things, |
que para aver de yevayo, |
That, to carry it, |
sa menester un cavayo |
It is necessary to have a horse |
tan glande como yo, e tú. |
As big as me, and you. |
Con esso y el gugugú… |
With that… |
|
|
—Plimo, ¿qué yevan de cantulía? |
– Cousin, what songs do you bring? |
—No quede a vira instlumenta, |
– Let there be no instrument |
que no toque la peliona, |
That does not play for the party, |
chimigula y baxona, |
Shawms and bassoons, |
lo sacabucha y culneta, |
Sackbuts and cornets, |
tocamole cubetiya, |
We play shakers, |
sonagía e cascabé, |
Rattles and sleigh bells, |
y una famosa cansiona |
And a famous song |
por el sol, fa, mi, re. |
By sol, fa, mi, re. |
Con esso y el gugugú… |
With that… |
Ah, siolos molenos* // Gabriel García de Mendoza (floruit 1705 - 1738)
-Negro de Navidad a 4, Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de Guatemala
Estribillo |
|
—Ah, siolos molenos. |
-Ah, Black gentlemen! |
—¿Qué quele, Pascuá? |
-What do you want, Pascuá? |
—¿Han visto los Niño |
-have you seen the Child |
que está en el pultá? |
That is at the portal? |
—No le he visto, siola. |
-I haven’t seen him, ma’am. |
—¡Lléveme allá! |
-take me there! |
—¿Qué lice Antón? |
-What does Anton say? |
—Que lindo za. ¡Andal! |
-He is so beautiful. Let’s go! |
Y a lo Niño helmosa, |
And to the beautiful Child, |
donosa y glaciosa |
Pleasant and graceful |
ilemo a adolá. |
We Will adore. |
Tatatá palatá. |
Tatatá palatá. |
Copla 1 |
Verse 1 |
—¿Qué le lleva, |
-what do you bring him, |
helmana Flacica, |
Sister Flacica, |
a lo Chiquitillo |
To the little Child |
que za en el pultá? |
Who is at the door? |
—Calambaza te arrope |
-sweet squash, |
y rosquilla, |
And pastries, |
chocolatilla |
Chocolates |
de Oaxacará. |
From Oaxaca. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Y usancé que le lleva a Chiquilla, |
-And what does Your Honor bring the Child, |
que se líe de mi plesentilla?, |
Who laughs at my little presents? |
vamo liciendo, velemo qué tal. |
Let’s say it, we’ll see what’s what. |
—Yo le llevo capote y somblelo, |
-I bring him a cloak and a hat, |
con que el Chiquitillo |
With which the Child, |
se puele obligá. |
Can shelter himself. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Qué le lleva |
-what do you bring |
a Siola Malía |
Our Lady Mary |
que tan bella |
Who, so beautiful, |
parira hoy ezá? |
Today gave birth? |
—Una frizara, |
-a blanket |
una toca, una saya |
a headdress, a tunic, |
y una almohadilla |
And a little cushion, |
que pueda lablá. |
That she can embroider. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Que le lleva |
-what do you bring |
a siola a Jusepa, |
To Saint Joseph |
ques mariro |
This solemn husband? |
de solemnirá? |
|
—Una montela, |
-a hat, |
una gora, una braga, |
a cap, pants, |
una sotana |
a cassock |
de gurgururúm. |
Of gurgururúm. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
Copla 2 |
Verse 2 |
—¿Qué le lleva, |
-what do you bring, |
siol Gacipala, |
Mr. Gacipala, |
a lo Niño Dioso |
To the Child God, |
que llorando za? |
Who is now crying? |
—Un caballito |
-a little horse |
de caña y un tlompo, |
Made of reeds and a top, |
pol si quisiele |
In case His Mercy |
Su Melcé jugal. |
Will want to play. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Y usancé que le lleva a Chiquilla, |
-and your honor, what do you bring the Child |
que se líe de mi plesentilla?, |
Who laughs at my presents? |
vamo liciendo, velemo qué tal. |
Let’s |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Que le lleva |
-what do you bring |
al pulísimo esposo, |
The very proper spouse, |
que hace con su familia |
Who makes with his family |
tlinilá? |
A Trinity? |
—Pulque de ella |
-so that he may be served |
se silva, le llevo |
I bring him |
tura mi pelsona, |
All my being, |
ni meno ni ma. |
No more, no less. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
Copla 3 |
Verse 3 |
—¿Qué le lleva, |
-what do you bring, |
siolo Gorgorio, |
Mr. Gorgorio, |
a lo Redentole |
To the Redeemer |
que da libeltá? |
Who gives us freedom? |
—Pala que puela |
-so that he may |
rescatal al neglo |
Rescue Black folk |
llevo de este año |
I bring him this year |
turo mi jolnal. |
All my pay. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Y usancé que le lleva a Chiquilla, |
-And what does Your Honor bring the Child, |
que se líe de mi plesentilla?, |
Who laughs at my little presents? |
vamo liciendo, velemo qué tal. |
Let’s say it, we’ll see what’s what. |
—Yo le llevo |
-I bring him |
colona de floles, |
A crown of flowers, |
que otlos de espinas |
Because others, made of thorns |
ya se la pondlán. |
Will soon enough give him one. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Qué le lleva |
-what do you bring |
a la Vigen parira |
To the Virgin |
que hoy haciendo |
That today makes |
melcedes ezá? |
Wonders? |
—Pala que gile |
-So that she may spin |
una lueca y un juso, |
A spinning wheel and a spindle |
pulque mujeles |
So that all women |
tomen ejemplo. |
May follow her example. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Qué le lleva |
What do you bring |
al mayol de los santos, |
To the biggest of saints, |
pus que Dioso |
So much that God |
su padle le llama? |
His Father calls him? |
—Una lialema |
-A Crown |
con una plus ultra, |
With a “plus ultra,” |
que a su cabeza |
That will go very well |
muy bien le vendlá. |
On his head. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—Una cota, rodela y espala |
-A coat of mail, shield, and sword |
pue vene con día |
Because he is come |
ya hoy a peleá. |
Today to fight. |
—¡ Jajajajajá! ¡ Jajajajajajá! |
—ha ha ha! |
—¿Qué le lleva a Malía |
-What do you bring Mary |
que a Dioso |
Who God |
en sus blazos |
In her arms |
arrullando za? |
Is lulling? |
—Llevo una cuna |
-I bring a cradle |
de colchó culiciosa |
With a wonderful mattress |
en que dulmilo |
In which she will |
mecelle podlá. |
Rock him to sleep. |
4 Al ver la gente de Angola* // Anonymous 17th century
Negro de Navidad a 5, Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitana de México
Introducción |
Introduction |
Al ver la gente de Angola |
When the people of Angola saw |
que ya no priva el cumbé, |
That the cumbé is no longer popular, |
con la canción que más priva |
With the most popular song |
privar quiere con su Rey. |
They want to honor their King. |
Estribillo |
Refrain |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
–Aplisa, Flacica, |
-Quick, Flacica, |
–¿Qué quelé vucé? |
-What do you want? |
Que curra aplecica |
-That you run fast |
y vamo a Belé, |
And let us go to Bethlehem. |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
a echal villancica |
To sing villancicos |
que dé a lo Rey Chica |
That will give the Little King |
gulgueo y placel. |
Giggles and pleasure. |
Gulumbá, gulumbé, |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
lelé, lelé. |
lelé, lelé. |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
—Pue, siola, ¿a qué? |
-Well, milady, how? |
—A la mora de Italia, |
-In the italian fashion |
de música valia, |
Of varied music, |
de recitaro, alieta y minué. |
With recitative, arietta, and minuet. |
Lelé, lelé, |
lelé, lelé. |
gulumbá, gulumbé. |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
Recitado |
Recitative |
–¿Mas quién ha de cantal, plima siola, |
-But who should sing, milady |
si no tenemo un ólgano a la mora? |
If we don’t have a modern organ? |
¡Oh, quién tuviele aquí, pala almonía, |
Oh, who could have here, to harmonize, |
un ólgano de Aguirre o Chavarría! |
An organ by Aguirre, or Chavarría! |
Echalemo clalinas y culnetas |
Let us use clarinets and cornets |
los que somos aquí pobles tlompetas. |
Those of us who are poor trumpets. |
Aria |
Aria |
Pues ólgana nueva |
Let us not need |
no sea menestel, |
A new organ, |
quelé, lelé, |
quelé, lelé, |
gulumbá, gulumbé, |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
que siol don Vilchilla |
That Mr. Vilchila |
con voz de clalina |
With his clarión voice |
es ólgana yena |
Is a whole organ |
que turo resuena |
That resounds everywhere |
y suena tan bé, |
And sounds so Good, |
que al son de tlompeta |
That at the sound of the trumpet |
y al son de culneta |
And of the clarinet |
gulgea una alieta |
He gargles an arietta |
que me buye |
That boils in me |
y me baira lo pe. |
And makes my feet dance. |
Pues ólgana nueva |
Let us not need |
no sea menestel, |
A new organ, |
quelé, lelé, |
quelé, lelé, |
gulumbá, gulumbé, |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
que tura negliya, |
That every Black woman |
le, le, |
Le, le, |
fulmando capiya |
Organizing the chapel |
se va a disponel, |
Will get ready, |
que lé, lelé, |
que lé, lelé, |
gulumbá, gulumbé, |
Gulumbá, gulumbé. |
que tura instlumenta |
That every accompaniment instrument |
de acompañamenta |
|
entlando a su vez: |
Will come in in turn: |
bajona, violona |
Bassoon, violin, |
y claviculona, |
And harpsichord, |
halapa y bue. |
Harp and oboe. |
Y a turo compás, |
And at full steam, |
sonando tlastlás, |
Sounding, tras tras, |
empieza a tañel. |
Will start to play. |
Quelé, lelé. |
Quelé, lelé. |
Atendel, atendel, |
Listen, listen, |
pul Jesuclisa, Malía y Jusé. |
For Jesus Christ, Mary, and Joseph. |
Quelé, lelé, |
Quelé, lelé. |
qué lindo placel, |
What wonderful pleasure, |
que suena a cantara |
That sounds like a cantata, |
y sabe a cumbé. |
And tastes like cumbé. |
Coplas |
Verses |
1. Si beya Chiquía (le-le-le) |
1. if the beautiful Child (le-le-le) |
Esá flamenquía, |
Shuold feel restless, |
Rosaro Clavel, (quelé, le-le) |
Rosary and carnation (quelé, le-le) |
y al son, sonesiya (le-le-le) |
And to the sound of the music (le-le-le) |
esá dormidía, |
He will fall asleep, |
arroyemos-le. (quelé, le-le) |
Let us lull him. |
Cun la culnetiya |
With the little cornett, |
Con la violoncía, |
With the little violín, |
la tlompa y bue. |
The trumpet and oboe. |
Que lindo placel, |
What wonderful pleasure, |
que suena a cantara |
That sounds like a cantata, |
y sabe a cumbé. |
And tastes like cumbé. |
2. Si en fuelte cameya (le-le-le) |
If on camelback, (le-le-le) |
tlaé tura reya |
You bring your Kings |
su oflenda a su Rey, (quelé, le-le) |
Their offering to the King (quelé, le-le) |
A luz de su estleya (le-le-le) |
They follow the starlight (le-le-le) |
ya siguen su güeya |
And follow their tracks |
la mura y el buey. (quelé, le-le) |
The mule and the ox. |
El buey cun culneta, |
The ox with a cornet |
la mura falseta |
The mule sings falsetto |
que entuna de pe. |
And sings on its feet. |
Que lindo placel, |
What wonderful pleasure, |
que suena a cantara |
That sounds like a cantata, |
y sabe a cumbé. |
And tastes like cumbé. |
3. No saque Flacico (le-le-le) |
3. Do not take, Flacico (le-le-le) |
la cala de cico, |
Your face away from the reed, |
queliendo tañel, (quelé, le-le) |
Trying to play, (quelé, le-le) |
que si hincha lo pico (le-le-le) |
That if you swell your beak (le-le-le) |
pondlá más focico |
You will make a worse face |
que tlompa de buey, (quelé, le-le) |
Than an ox’s snout (quelé, le-le) |
que hay músico en tlopa |
That there are musicians |
que pone su tlompa |
That make a pout |
si no dan papel. |
If they miss the mark. |
Que lindo placel, |
What wonderful pleasure, |
que suena a cantara |
That sounds like a cantata, |
y sabe a cumbé. |
And tastes like cumbé. |
Cumbees // Santiago de Murcia (Madrid?, ca.1682 – México?, ca.1740)
-Códice Saldívar No. 4, colección privada (ca. 1730)
Dame albriçia, mano Antón* // Gaspar Fernández (Guatemala, floruit, 1596 - Puebla, 1629)
-Negrito a 4, Cancionero Musical de Gaspar Fernández, Archivo Histórico de la Arquidiócesis de Antequera, Oaxaca
-Dame albriçia, mano Antón, |
– Rejoice, brother Anton, |
que Jisú naçe en Guinea. |
That Jesus is born in Guinea. |
-¿Quién lo parí? -Una lunçeya |
– Who bore him? – A maiden |
y un viejo su pagre son. |
And an old man are his parents. |
-Yebámole culaçión. |
– We bring him food. |
Yegamo ayá, |
We arrive there, |
que ese cosa me pantá. |
What a marvelous sight. |
-He, he, he y cómo yegaré y lo miraré. |
– Ha, ha, ha, and how will I get there and see him? |
-Ha, ha, ha y cómo que yegará y lo mirará. |
– Ha, ha, ha, and how will people get there and see him? |
Y turu lu negro le bayará. |
And the Black folk will dance for him. |
Coplas |
Verses |
1. Su magre sa como treya, |
1. His mother is like a star, |
ya lo niño parindero |
The newborn child |
cumu lubo y orandero |
Like revelers and worshippers |
las mi guita linda ella. |
She is beautiful. |
-Ya bullimos pie por beya, |
– We move our feet for her beauty. |
2. Turu negro con gallero |
2. Everyone wearing top hats |
subi luego lo çagaya. |
Go up to him. |
Yebémole así su un saya, |
Let us bring him a tunic, |
unas panas y un sumbrero. |
Cloth and a hat. |
-Yo quiere mirá primero. |
– I want to look first. |
Zarambeques o Muecas // Santiago de Murcia
-Códice Saldívar No.4 (ca. 1730)
Azi, Flaziquiya (poem) // Alfonso de Blas y Sandoval (Granada, 1701)
Villancico
Estribillo |
Chorus |
—Azí, Flaziquilla; |
– This way, Flaziquilla; |
azí, Almentela; |
This way, Almentela; |
azí, Clementiya. |
This way, Clementiya. |
—Rigamo: ¿Qué quele? |
– Tell us: What do you want? |
—Que tuque instlumenta |
– The instruments to sound |
pala el zalambequé, |
For the zalambequé |
que tequé, que tequé; |
Let them play, play; |
que zamo Negliya |
That we are Black women |
con la instlumentiya, |
With the instruments, |
y tucamo chacona, |
And we play the chaconne, |
(chacona, chacona). |
(Chaconne, chaconne). |
Azí, que le aglada |
This is the way |
a la Reina pulida; |
The beautiful Queen likes it; |
tuquemo suliya. |
Let us play alone. |
Zezú, ¡qué cuntenta |
Jesus, what happiness |
que za Nazimenta! |
Brings this Birth! |
—Rigamo: ¿Qué quele? |
– Tell us: What do you want? |
—Que tuque instlumenta |
– The instruments to sound |
pala el zalambequé, |
For the zalambequé |
que tequé, que tequé. |
Let them play, play; |
Zezú, ¡qué cuntenta |
Jesus, what happiness |
que za Nazimenta! |
Brings this Birth! |
Coplas a solo |
Solo verses |
1. Venga a pliza, camine, Flazico, |
1. Come quick, go, Francis, |
velemo de Noso Siolo la festa, |
We will see the feast of Our Lord, |
que tocan campana a maitine, |
The bells toll to matins, |
que za bona noche re zu nazimenta. |
That it is the night of his birth. |
2. Tlaiga turo zumbrero calaro, |
2. Everyone don their hats, |
cuberto fozico, tapara la geta, |
Cover your mouths, cover your faces, |
que de noche za parda lo gato, |
That by night all cats are dark, |
y penza lo branco que za cabayera. |
And the whites think we are gentlemen |
3. —Rigamo: ¿Qué quele? |
3. – Tell us: What do you want? |
—Que tuque instlumenta |
– The instruments to sound |
pala el zalambequé, |
For the zalambequé |
que tequé, que tequé. |
Let them play, play; |
Zezú, ¡qué cuntenta |
Jesus, what happiness |
que za Nazimenta! |
Brings this Birth! |
3. Entlalemo en la Reale Capiya; |
3. We will go into the Royal Chapel |
velemo la ronda que vene muy gueca; |
We will see the procession |
cun pultelos y hachas delante, |
Led by spears and halberds, |
dal vuelta al zopulco donde za lo Reya. |
Going around the square to see the Kings. |
4. Entlalemo muy glave en el colo, |
4. We will enter the choir, very seriously, |
que za plima noche cun hacha e cun vela; |
This first night with halberds and candles; |
cuchalemo la viyarancica |
We will listen to the villancicos |
que canta cantole que zá mucho diestla. |
Sung by very skilled singers. |
5. —Rigamo: ¿Qué quele? |
5. – Tell us: What do you want? |
—Que tuque instlumenta |
– The instruments to sound |
pala el zalambequé, |
For the zalambequé |
que tequé, que tequé. |
Let them play, play; |
Zezú, ¡qué cuntenta |
Jesus, what happiness |
que za Nazimenta! |
Brings this Birth! |
6. Velá tanto de lo zaclistane, |
6. You will see so many sacristans, |
que tlae camizona vestira de suela, |
Wearing cassocks |
que uno canta, otlo rabia, otlo riye, |
One sings, another rages, another laughs, |
otlo toma tabaca, otlo palra, otlo reza. |
Another takes tobacco, another speaks, another prays. |
7. Velá un hombre que yaman Bajona, |
7. You will see a man they call Bassoon, |
que chupa uno palo, y lo sopla, y lo besa; |
Sucking on stick, and blowing on it, and kissing it; |
y otlo toca una cosa tursira, |
And another that plays a crooked thing, |
que turo lo neglo ze ezpanta re veya. |
That frightens all the Black folk. |
8. —Rigamo: ¿Qué quele? |
8. – Tell us: What do you want? |
—Que tuque instlumenta |
– The instruments to sound |
pala el zalambequé, |
For the zalambequé |
que tequé, que tequé. |
Let them play, play; |
Zezú, ¡qué cuntenta |
Jesus, what happiness |
que za Nazimenta! |
Brings this Birth! |
9. Otlo alza y abaja la mano, |
9. Another lifts and drops his hand, |
y en merio re turos laz mozcaz ojea. |
And among all of them checks on the flies. |
Otlo tiene instlumenta muy grande, |
Another has a very large instrument, |
y tura la noche za templa que templa. |
And spends the whole night tuning it. |
10. Hallalá allí otloz mil instlumentos, |
10. There you will see other instruments, |
acoldez, sonoraz, con cien difelenciaz, |
Chords, sounds, with a hundred differences, |
que le ran palabienes al Niño |
Congratulating the Child |
que nace, alegliya rel cielo y la tiela. |
Who is born, joy in heaven and earth. |
11. —Rigamo: ¿Qué quele? |
11. – Tell us: What do you want? |
—Que tuque instlumenta |
– The instruments to sound |
pala el zalambequé, |
For the zalambequé |
que tequé, que tequé. |
Let them play, play; |
Zezú, ¡qué cuntenta |
Jesus, what happiness |
que za Nazimenta! |
Brings this Birth! |
9 “Antoniya, Flaciquiya, Gacipá”* // Fray Felipe de la Madre de Dios (1626 - 1675)
-Negro de Navidad a 5, Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de Guatemala.
Estribillo |
Chorus |
—Antoniya, Flaciquiya, Gacipá. |
– Antoniya, Flaciquiya, Gacipá. |
—¿Qué quelé? —¿Qué decí? —¿Qué llamá? |
– What do you want? –What do you say? – Why do you call? |
—Que no sé qué me ha lalo |
– I don’t know what came over me |
esa noche de Navilá. |
This Christmas Eve. |
—¿Qué sentimo, qué tenemo, qué quejamo? |
– What do we feel, what do we have, why do we complain? |
—Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
– I have a terrible headache. |
Turu esamo desmayala |
We have all fainted |
y la visa candilala |
And our sight is blinded |
y muy espeso cupimo, |
And very thickly we spit, |
pulque un tlaguillu de vino |
Because a sip of wine |
la negla pulá aleglá. |
We have drunk. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—¡Ay, Jesú, cómo sa peldida! |
– Oh, Jesus, she is lost! |
¡Ay, Jesú, y qué mala que sa! |
Oh, Jesus, she is sick! |
—Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
– I have a terrible headache. |
—Válgame, Nosa Siola, |
– Oh, Our Lady, |
con eso salimo ahola, |
Now we go out, |
cuando elas tula neglilya |
When all your Black ladies |
de la mayol bizalía, |
Full of bravery, |
a que turo lo blanco |
So that all the whites |
venía a escuchá. |
Come to hear them. |
—¡Anda, mandinga! —¡Vosotla! |
– Go away, devil! –You! |
—¡Anda, bellaca! —¡Vosotla! |
– Go away, wicked! –You! |
—¡Pela bolacha! —¡Vosotla! |
– Give me the flask! –You! |
—¡Deshonra de neglo! —¡Vosotlá selá! |
– A dishonor to Black people! –You are! |
—Que yo so —¿Qué?— una siola —Jijí— |
– I am –What? –A lady –Ha ha! |
malquesa de Sanguanguá —Jajá— |
The Marquise of Sanguanguá –Ha ha! |
y muy hunrala. —Jijí, jajá— |
And very honest. –Hee hee, Ha ha |
Y vosotla una perra bellaca |
And you are wicked dogs |
y ahola lo velá. |
And now you will see. |
—¡Ah, de turu lo negla! ¡Hola, hola! |
– Oh, all the Black ladies! Hello, hello! |
—¿Pala qué, pala qué llamá? |
– Why do you call me? |
—Para que vamo a Belén —Lelé— |
– To go to Bethlehem –Lelé |
a ve lo Niño Manué —Lelé— |
To see the Baby Manuel –Lelé |
que se ha nacido en la paja. —Lalá— |
Who was born on the straw. –Lalá |
Lo neglo se ha de hacé raja —Lalá— |
The Black folk will party. –Lalá |
bailando, cantando, |
Dancing, singing, |
tucando a lindo compá. |
Playing with pleasant rhythm. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Bolachita vene, bolachita va, |
– The flask comes, the flask goes, |
bolachita canta, bolachita sa. |
The flask sings. |
—Mucho me pesa la cabezá. |
– My head is very heavy. |
—Bolachita, bolachita sa. |
– The flask, the flask. |
Coplas |
Verses |
1. —Al pultal hemo llegalo, |
1. –We have come to the manger, |
mila a lo Niño llolá |
Look at the crying Child |
en lo blazo de Malía, |
In Mary’s arms, |
pulque la nega lo llegue a miyá. |
So that the Black lady may look at him. |
—Ya le milo y cómo ezamo, |
– I see him and think, |
si caelá o no caelá, |
Whether he will fall or not fall, |
me palice que a lo Niño |
I think that the Child |
turo pulcrisa se le va en tembrá. |
Uses all his strength in shivering. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Lelelé, lalalá, |
– Lelelé, lalalá, |
bolachita vene, bolachita va, |
– The flask comes, the flask goes, |
bolachita canta, bolachita sa, |
The flask sings, |
pulque mucho le pesa la cabezá. |
Because his head is weighing him down. |
Lelelé, lalalá, |
Lelelé, lalalá, |
bolachí, bolachita sa. |
The flask. |
2. —Mila la mula y lo bueye |
2. –Look at the mules and the oxen |
que acompañándole esá, |
That accompany him, |
lo bueye con mucho aliento, |
The bellowing oxen |
y la mula a la paja se va. |
And the mule goes to the straw. |
—Mana, si lo bueye alienta |
– Sister, if the oxen bellow |
y la mula en comel da, |
And the mule wants to eat, |
yo a la salú de lo Niño |
To the Child’s health, |
gol, gol, gol, otlo tlago he de echá. |
I will, I will, I will have another drink. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Lelelé… |
– Lelelé… |
3. —Mila ángeles y pastoles |
3. –Look at angels and shepherds |
que le vienen a adolal, |
That come to adore him, |
y a colos cantando licen |
And all together say |
que en lo Niño ha llovido el maná. |
That manna has fallen on the Child. |
—Si el maná llueve o no llueve |
– I will not wait for the manna |
yo no pretendo agualá, |
To rain from the sky, or not, |
de lo vino solamente, |
I will care only for the wine, |
ya que lo puedo le bota acolá. |
Since I can pour it from the flask. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Lelelé… |
—Lelelé… |
4. —Al Siolo San Jusepe |
4. –To Lord Saint Joseph |
mila, qué atenta que esá, |
Look, how attentive she is, |
y al Niño hace revelencia, |
And she bows to the Child, |
y él se ha llevado la Patelnidá. |
And his is the Paternity. |
—Ya sabemo que Jusepe |
– We know that Joseph |
de la sierra es oficiá, |
Is an officer in the mountains, |
y pula queso y licole |
And cheese and liquor |
de la sierra quelemo gastá. |
From the mountains we want to spend. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Lelelé… |
– Lelelé… |
5. —Turos andan esa noche |
5. –Tonight everyone carries |
con azogue y sin palá, |
Quicksilver, and keeps moving, |
no sa mucho cuando Dioso |
It is not much when we contemplate |
al mundo, milamos, se quiso echá. |
That God wanted to come into the world. |
—Si al mundo se ha echado Dioso, |
– If our God has come to the world, |
qué pantamos, qué almilá, |
What terror, what marvel, |
que tupiendo a buena Gila, |
That, flocking to Joy, |
la negla caza ya llegue a astizá. |
The Black flock is lit in anticipation. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Lelelé… |
– Lelelé… |
6. —No habla cosa de provecho |
6. –You make no sense |
y la razón te faltá, |
And lack any reason, |
que la Fe pala una negla |
Faith, for a Black woman, |
montone de humo zorrilla lo va. |
Is but smoke. |
—Ileme poquito a poco, |
– I will leave little by little |
cala aquí, cala acuyá, |
Facing this way and that, |
y pues que Dioso ha nacilo, |
And since God is born, |
bien puedo alegle bebé y roncá. |
Happily, may I drink and snore. |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Lelelé… |
– Lelelé… |
7. —Oye, mila a lo Tre Reye |
7. –Listen, look at the Three Kings |
cual vienen a adolal, |
Who come to adore |
y entre ellas viene també |
And among them is also |
nuestro plimo, lo Re Gacipá. |
Our cousin, King Caspar. |
—Ya lo ves de camino, |
–You can see him on his way, |
¿y qué tlaen pala blindá? |
And what do you bring to toast? |
Mucha bota y una estlella. |
Plenty of wineskins and one star. |
¡Qué relámpago a la visa, milá! |
What lightning, look! |
Mucho me duele la cabezá. |
I have a terrible headache. |
—Lelelé… |
—Lelelé… |
Tumba, tumba, la la la (poem) // Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Mexico, 1651 - 1695)
-Villancico porto-rico.
Estribillo |
Chorus |
¡Tumba, tumba, la-lá-la; tumba, la-lé-le; |
Tumba, tumba, la-lá-la; tumba, la-lé-le; |
que donde ya Pilico, escraba no quede! |
That where Pilico goes, no slave will remain! |
Coplas |
Verses |
Hoy dici que en las Melcede |
Today we say that the mercy |
estos parre mercenaria |
These mercenary friars |
hace una fiesa a su palre, |
Throw a party to their father, |
¿qué fiesa? ¡Como su cala! |
A party? No way! |
Eya dici que redimi, |
They say that they redeem, |
cosa parece encatala, |
But this sounds like a tale, |
¿Poro que? Yo la oblaje vivo, |
Why? I only work, |
y las Parre no mi saca. |
And the Father doesn’t take me away. |
La otra noche con mi conga |
The other night, with my woman |
turo sin durmí pensaba, |
Sleepless I was thinking, |
que no quiele gente plieta, |
That they don’t like dark folk, |
como eya so gente branca. |
As they like whites. |
Sola saca la pañole, |
Only the Spaniards, |
pues Dioso, ¡mila la trampa!, |
Because, God, beware of the trap! |
que aunque neglo, gente somo, |
That, though Black, we are people, |
aunque nos dici cabaya. |
Even if they call us beasts. |
¡Mas qué digo, Dioso mío! |
But what am I saying, my God! |
El demoño, que me engaña |
The devil confuses me |
pala que esé mulmulando |
So that I may mumble |
a esa redentola santa. |
To this saint redeemer. |
El Santo me lo perrone, |
May the Saint forgive me, |
que so una malo hablala, |
That if a bad one speaks, |
que aunque padezca la cuepo, |
That, even if the body suffers, |
en ese libla las alma. |
The souls will be free. |
Pue tambén somo gente* // Tomás Salgado (Oaxaca, 1698 - 1751)
-Negro de Navidad a 4, Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de Guatemala
Se cuchamo, magri Antona (“We hear, Sister Antona”)* // Gaspar Fernández (Guatemala, floruit, 1596 - Puebla, 1629).
-A 4, Monjas, Cancionero Musical de Gaspar Fernández, Archivo Histórico de la Arquidiócesis de Antequera-Oaxaca
Secuchamo, magri Antona, |
We hear, Sister Antona, |
que si Dioso san naciro, |
That if God is born, |
aquí san, que no san perdido. |
We are here, we are not lost. |
Andrés, do queda el ganado? // Gaspar Fernández
Andrés, do queda el ganado? |
Andrés, where is the cattle? |
Puru cieto que no lo se, |
Indeed, i do not know, |
Que se a pantaro bona fe. |
I tell you, they ran away. |
¿Y por que? |
And why? |
Dis que vino un angelito volandito |
They say a little Angel flew by |
Y cantaba tan bonito tan bonito |
And he sang so beautifully, |
Y deciva a lo patocito |
And he told the shepherds |
Que Jesucrito aquesta noche nace, |
That Jesus Will be born tonight, |
Y se apantaro bona fe. |
And they were frightened. |
Copla |
Verse |
Lo ganaro ta pantalo |
The cattle ran away, |
Lu pasore sa ambobaro |
The shepherds are amazed, |
Turu lexa lo ganaro |
They all left their cattle, |
Y solo me quera yo, |
And only I remain, |
Tanto lunbre paresió |
There was such a bright light, |
que luego me sopante. |
That I was afraid. |
— ¿Pues de qué? |
But of what? |
— Julo çielto que no lo ze,
|
I swear, I don’t know, |
que za pantado, en bona fe.
|
I am amazed, I don’t lie. |
Yo julo, mi picaror,
|
I swear, my friend, |
que mucho mielo tenía,
|
That I was very frightened, |
de bez lo rreboltería
|
For such an amazing sight, |
y tan grande resplandor.
|
And such a formidable light. |
Yo pobre negro, pastor,
|
And me, poor Black shepherd, |
sopanta: no me queré. |
Was scared: I didn’t stay. |
— ¿Pues de qué? |
Of what? |
— Julo çielto que no lo ze, |
I swear, I don’t know, |
que za pantado, en bona fe. |
I tell you, I was frightened. |
Ay, negrito de cucurumbé* (Gaspar Fernández)
Guineo a 5, Cancionero Musical de Gaspar Fernández, Archivo Histórico de la Arquidiócesis de Antequera Oaxaca
Ay, negrito de cucurumbé |
Oh, Black boy of cucurumbé |
Bisicayno la sá ai asé |
You are from Viscay |
qui vai busca ñame |
And are going to fetch yams, |
-y si cansarte? |
-And if you get tired |
-ma sí que cansame, |
-Of course, I get tired! |
que preso hartame |
I quickly tire |
de si pan qui dame |
Of this bread they give me, |
qui tras pañoli |
That the Spanish brought |
de Santo Tomé. |
From Santo Tomé. |
Gurumbé, gurumbé, gurumbé... |
Gurumbé, gurumbé, gurumbé... |
Sidra piensas |
You think of cider, |
Sidra bebes |
You drink cider. |
Mientes, sangre de Dios es |
You lie that it is the blood of God |
que por eso tanto puedes |
That is why you can do so much, |
que vuelves hombre al revés |
That you turn men on their heads, |
cuando comas como debes. |
When you eat as you should. |
Gurumbé, gurumbé, gurumbé... |
Gurumbé, gurumbé, gurumbé... |